現在進行時

表示正在發生的事情或進行的動作，常與now,listen,look等詞連用，結構是主語+be動詞(am, is, are)+動詞ing.

如：It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six o’clock now.

現在6點了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客廳看報紙

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看！孩子們正在賽跑

問句將be動詞移前，否定句在be動詞后+not.

2一般現在時

表示經常反復發生的事情或動作，常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等詞連用。

結構是主語+動詞原形；當主語為第三人稱單數即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時，動詞后加s或es.

如：We have an English lesson every day.

我們每天都要上英語課

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快嗎？是的

問句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面動詞一定要還原。

3一般過去時

表示發生在過去的事情或存在的狀態，常與just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。

結構是主語+be動詞的過去式（was; were）或主語+動詞的過去式。

注意：be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用。

如：My earphones were on the ground just now.

我的耳機剛剛還在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上個星期去哪了？我去野營了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了？我去參觀農場了。

問句有be動詞將be動詞移前，沒有be動詞借助于did，后面動詞還原；

否定句有be動詞在后面加not，沒有借助于didn't后面動詞還原。

4一般將來時

表示將要打算發生的事情或動作，常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等詞連用。結構是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。

如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子們下個星期將參加運動會。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。

問句將be動詞或will移前；否定句在be動詞或will后加not.

4情態動詞

can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加動詞原形。

如：The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.

女孩不會游泳，但是會滑冰

Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再課上說話，你應該認真聽老師講。

6祈使句

肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭；否定祈使句以don’t加動詞原形開頭。

如：Open the box for me ,please.

請為我打開盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

劉濤，明天請早點起床！

Don’t walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走！

Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.

海倫！不要爬樹。

7go的用法

去干嘛用go +動詞ing

如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…

8比較

than 前用比較級；as…as之間用原級。

如：My mother is two years younger than my father.

我我爸年輕兩歲。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

劉濤跳得和本一樣遠。

9喜歡做某事

用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。

如：Su Yang likes growing flowers.

蘇陽喜歡種花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子們喜歡在春節去玩花燈。

10想要做某事

用 would like +to+動原或want + to +動原。

例：I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

11some

用于肯定句中，在否定句和問句中改為any，但當表示委婉語氣時仍用some。

如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

12代詞

人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前，主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。

賓格做賓語用，一般放在動詞或介詞后

如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。

形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前，不能單獨使用，分別是my your his her its our your their

名詞性物主代詞相當于形物加名詞，它只能單獨使用后面不好加名詞，分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13介詞

介詞后要么不加動詞，加動詞只能加動詞ing形式

如：be good at running;

do well in jumping;

14時間介詞

季節前，月份前用介詞in

如：in summer；in March

具體的哪一天如星期幾，幾月幾日用介詞on

如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在幾點鐘前用介詞at

如：at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜間用at night。

另：季節，月份和星期前不好加the.

15名詞復數構成的方法

有規則的有：

(1)直接在名詞后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結尾的加es

如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

(4)以f, fe結尾的改f, fe 為v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o結尾的我們學過的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）

不規則的有：

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

16動詞第三人稱單數的構成

(1)直接在動詞后加s

如：run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o結尾的加es

如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如：study—studies; carry—carries;

17現在分詞的構成

(1)直接在動詞后加ing

如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;

(2)雙寫詞尾加ing

如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不發音的e結尾的去e加ing

如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

18規則動詞過去式的構成

(1)直接在動詞后加ed

如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

(2)以e結尾的直接加d

如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;

(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加ed

如：study—studied;carry—carried;

(4)雙寫詞尾加ed

如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不規則的有：am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

19形容詞副詞比較級的構成

規則的：

(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er

如；small—smaller; low—lower;

(2)以e結尾的加r

如：late—larer;

(3)雙寫詞尾加er

如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

(4) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加er

如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不規則的有：

good, well—better(最高級為best); many, much--- more(最高級為most); far---farther;

20rain與snow的用法

(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數名詞

如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪，有四種形式分別是：

動詞原形rain， snow；

第三人稱單數rains ，snows；

現在分詞raining；snowing

過去式rained；snowed;

如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如：It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我將呆在家里。

21比較級

注意只有同類事物才可進行比較。

如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.

22have, has

表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數)；There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原則

單數或不可數用there is /was;

復數用there are/ were.

23本身就是復數的詞

眼鏡glasses; 耳機earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復數。

如：My glasses were on the chair just now.

但如果表示這雙，這副，一雙的時候用單數

如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

24五個元音字母分別是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

25一個的用法

a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

如：There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.

26時間表示法

有兩種：

（1）直接讀時鐘和分鐘。

如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;

(2)用to與past表示。

在半小時包括半小時以內用幾分past幾點

如：6：10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;

過了半小時用下一個鐘點差幾分

如7：45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;

27基數詞變序數詞的方法

基變序有規律，結尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，結尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth）；

ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十數如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);

幾十幾十位為基個位為序（如第二十一為twenty-first）。

另外強調序數詞前一定要加the。

28日期的表示法

用the+序數詞+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.

29both 表示兩者都

如：My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如：The students are all very excited.

30節日的表示法

有day的節日前用on.

沒有day的節日前用at,

如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.

31激動興奮的

excited表示激動的，興奮地主語是人；

exciting表示令人激動的，令人興奮的主語是事情

如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

賽跑非常令人激動，因此所有的學生都很激動。

32比較

兩者比較用比較級，三者以上比較用最高級

如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

誰跑得更快，男孩還是女孩？男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜歡哪個季節？我最喜歡秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜歡哪個季節，夏天還是冬天？我更喜歡冬天。

33動詞還原的用法

前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面動詞要還原。

如：Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn’t like taking photos.

34到了

到達用get to

但注意到家，到這兒，到那兒不可以加to

如：get home; get here; get there,

另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。

35長著和穿著

長著什么用with

如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；

穿著什么用in

如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女

36讓某人做某事

用let sb后加動詞原形

如：Let’s water the flowers together.

是該做…的時候了用It’s time for+名詞或It’s time to +動原。

幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如：幫我學英語是 help me with my English

37樹上

外來的東西在樹上用in the tree

如：the bird in the tree;

樹上長的用on the tree

如：the apples on the tree

38運動和樂器

球類之前不加the;

樂器之前必須加the

如：play the piano; play football

39get后加比較級表示變得更怎么樣

如：get stronger; get longer

chopsticks是雙音節詞，第一音節重讀，它的正確發音是：/t∫’opstiks/

字母組合ch讀清輔音/t∫/

元音字母o讀/o/

輔音字母p讀爆破音/p/

輔音字母s讀清輔音/s/

輔音字母t讀爆破音/t/

元音字母i讀短元音/i/

輔音字母k讀爆破音/k/

最后一個輔音字母s也讀清輔音/s/

chopsticks釋義：筷子

參考：

兩個英語單詞組成的詞叫復合詞，這樣的詞去了去了！！

A．復合詞的概念—

由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞的現象，叫復合詞，又稱合成詞（詞與詞之間可以有連字符）；其中以復合名詞最多，其次是復合形容詞，復合動詞、介詞、副詞、數詞等也不少。

B．復合名詞

a．名詞＋名詞：bookshop／store／seller／mark，sunlight／shine／glasses，French／Englishman，policeman／woman，volley／basket／base／football，penfriend，grandfather／mother／son／daughter／parent（s）／children，schoolboy／girl／bag／yard，headache／master／teacher，moon-cake／light，team／house／homework，workbook／place／shop，newspaper，motorbike／car，birthday，bed／class／bathroom，handbag，gate-keeper／man，pencil-box，day／lunchtime，lifeboat／time，postcard／man／office，seafood，weekday／end，class／work／mate，northeast／west，railway，southeast／west，textbook，teapot，shellfish，earthquake，cup／keyboard，doorbell，fireplace，farmland，hometown，salesgirl，necklace，wardrobe，spaceship，etc．

b．形容詞＋名詞：loudspeaker，goodbye，midnight／day，blackboard，Mid-autumn，software，mainland．．．

c．動名詞＋名詞：sitting／waiting-room．．．

d．動詞＋名詞：playground／house，watchtower，chopsticks，washroom，checkout，breakfast．．．

e．名詞＋動名詞：handwriting，homecooking，thanksgiving，roller-skating．．．

f．動詞＋副詞：get-together

g．afternoon，today，tonight（n．＆adv．），ping-pong，T-shirt，E-mail，

self-respect，two-storey，yo-yo．．．

C．復合形容詞

a．形容詞＋名詞＋（e）d：kind-hearted，glass－topped

b．形容詞＋現在分詞：good-looking

c．副詞＋現在分詞：hard-working

d．名詞＋現在分詞：English-speaking

e．名詞＋過去分詞：man-made

f．副詞＋過去分詞：well-known

g．形容詞＋名詞：mideast，round-trip

h．up／downstairs（adj．＆adv．），everyday，take-away，outdoor，one-way，part-time，two-month／day／year／metre（-old／longetc．）secondhand，mouth-to-mouth，so-so，on-line，so-called．．．

D．其它復合詞

maybe，forever，everything／body／one／where，nothing／body／where，something／body／one／where，anything／body／one／where，myself，ourselves，when／how／who／what／whichever，wherever，without，into，in／outside，sometime（s），thirty-eight，forty-fifth，water-ski，download，half-way，nearby，etc．

II．縮寫詞

A．縮寫詞概念B．長單詞變短單詞網頁C．一個首字母即代表一個單詞網頁

A．縮寫詞概念—

由一個長單詞或二個以上的單詞縮為一個短單詞（更可簡到只剩廖廖幾個骨架字母），叫縮寫詞又名縮略詞。

B．長單詞變短單詞—

a．截頭：telephone—phone，bicycle—cycle，aeroplane—plane，etc．

b．去尾：mathematics—math（s），photo-graph—photo，Monday—Mon．，October—Oct．，adverb—adv．（ad．），kilogram—kilo，examina-tion—exam，advertisement—ad．，laboratory—lab，etc．

c．既截頭又去尾：refrigerator—fridge

d．混合詞（各取兩詞的一部分刷新成另一詞）：breakfastandlunch—brunch

e．cannot—can't，willnot—won't，shallnot—shan't，letus—let's，Iwould（had）—I'd，sheis（has）—she's，youare—you're，number—No．（ornum．），Catherine—Kate，Iwill（shall）—I'll，bicycle—bike，mister—Mr．，etc．

C．一個首字母即代表一個單詞網頁（注：多數要大寫，組合成像單詞一樣的常見縮寫詞）。如：veryimportantperson—VIP，physicaleducation—P．E等

CD，BBC，CAAC，ID，IQ，IT，UFO，SAR，OK，CBA，MBA，WTO，UNESCO，PLA，PRC，AD，CCTV，CCP，EMS，USA，p．m．，kg，km，cm，mm，a．m．，etc．（注：它們一般按字母讀音讀，如PC／'pi:'si／；但像UN-ESCO／ju（:）'neskou／等也可當作一個單詞來拼讀）。

筷子在英語中可以使用chopsticks來表示。chopsticks這個英語單詞的讀音是/?t??pst?ks/，其中第二個音節/st?ks/是需要濁化的。

所謂濁化是指在同一個音節內，當一個清輔音前的音是/s/, 我們在拼讀時，應該將該清輔音讀成其對應的濁輔音。所以/st?ks/中的/t/應該濁化成接近于/d/的音。

A a/e?/，B b/bi?/，C c/si?/，D d/di?/，E e/i?/，F f/ef/，G g/d?i?/，H h/e?t?/，I i/a?/，J j/d?e?/，K k/ke?/，L l/el/，M m/em/，N n/en/，O o/??/，P p/pi?/，

Q q/kju?/，R r/ɑ?(r)/，S s/es/，T t/ti?/，U u/ju?/，

V v/vi?/，W w/?d?blju?/，

X x/eks/，Y y/wa?/，Z z/zi?//zed/

一、26個英文字母及發音音標如下:

A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:]

F f [ef] G g [d?i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei]

K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u]

P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]

U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:]

X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] [zed]

?

二、英語字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:

1)含元音音素[ei]:字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk

音標: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]

2) 含元音音素[i:]: 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音標: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]

3) 含元音音素[e]: 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音標: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]

4) 含元音音素[ju:]: 字母: Uu Ww

音標: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]

5) 含元音音素[ai]: 字母: Ii Yy 音標: [ai] [wai]

字母組合發音歸類 1./i:/

ea tea eat teacher pleaseice-cream peach jeans sneakers read meal seal seat beat

ee meet see green coffee three thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen jeep queen feed teen sheep sweet beef weekend Halloween tree sleep need week feel seed deep between bee feet

?

2. /au/

ow brown how wow cow flower down now town crown

ou mouth mouse out house our playground cloudy sound sour housework cloud about count bounce mountain south accountant sprout loud

?

3./?u/

ow yellow rainbow window snowy snow snowman know tomorrow row show grow

oa boat coat raincoat goat road goal load coach float throat

?

4./?:/、/?/

or morning orange short more for fork shorts New York horse pork sports bookstore store north report reporter shorter sore bored storm tomorrow

aw draw law strawberry oor floor door

all /R:l/ ball small tall wall basketball baseball fall taller smaller call

?

5./ ?: /

ir bird squirrel birthday shirt skirt T-shirt thirteen thirty first third girl

ur purple hamburger nurse Thursday Saturday fur turn return curtain

?

6./ ?/

er ruler eraser sharpner finger afternoon water teacher father mother grandmother grandfather brother sister watermelon certainly computer farmer driver player dinner sweater weather matter sneakers slippers remember singer writer reporter cleaner yesterday taller shorter stronger older younger centimeter funnier bigger smaller heavier longer thinner lobster killer fever matter better under over cucumber excercises summer winter September October November December air-conditioner center strawberry super answer answering climber however ever forever tiger river flower

or doctor actor work homework housework factory vistor author mirror our colour favourite colourful

?

7.th/e/

the this that that’s father grandfather mother grandmother brother they they’re them there either then other together another with those these weather clothes

/?/ thank thanks mouth birthday three thirteen thirty fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth nineteenth twentieth thin Thursday healthy third north south month think theme thinner thing something bathroom path

?

8./ei/

ai rain rainbow wait rainy e-mail straight again paint train pain

ay birthday play may May day way stay away holiday always say today subway

?

9./z/

air air chair stair hair pair air-conditioner fair

ear bear wear swear pear ere there where

10./i/

ear ear hear dear near clear

eer deer cheer beer

ere here

?

11./u:/

oo school afternoon too balloon zoo cool room classroom washroom bedroom bathroom goose boots noon soon

ou soup group coup

?

12./a:/

a afternoon after banana dance last class glass grass grandma grandpa mama plant ask

ar sharpner farmer farm garden art artist warm park shark are card car hard market supermarket

?

13./ai/

y sky why spy sly fly cry try buy bye

igh light right high night might fight

?

14./t∫/

ch much French chicken teach teacher watch peach chair children China Chinese which each match catch chopsticks

?

15./∫/

sh fish she short shorts English shirt shoes ship shop shopping wash washroom dishes shelf

?

16./ts/ ts shorts rabbits kites

17./tr/ tr tree

18./dr/ dr dress hundred 18./kw/qu question queen quiet

19./tw/ tw twenty twelve twelfth twentieth

20./Ri/

oy boy toy

oi choice point

21/u/ sure poor

22./dz/ ds birds woods

23./?/ ng thing answering

24./w/ wh why where who what when

?

25./i/

i thin think

y happy worry every country really sorry funny strawberry lovely library ready rainy windy snowy sunny cloudy pretty seventy twenty thirty forty many any healthy salty happy angry study

ay Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

/j/ y yellow yo-yo yeah yes