道德經全文及譯文

道德經是中國古代哲學家老子所著的一部論述道和德的著作，是中國道家思想的經典之一。以下是道德經的全文及相關的英文翻譯。

第一章

道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名，天地之始；有名，萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼。此兩者，同出而異名，同謂之玄。玄之又玄，眾妙之門。

The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal name. The nameless is the beginning of heaven and earth. The named is the mother of ten thousand things. Ever desireless, one can see the mystery. Ever desiring, one can see the manifestations. These two spring from the same source but differ in name; this appears as darkness. Darkness within darkness. The gate to all mystery.

第二章

天下皆知美之為美，斯惡已；皆知善之為善，斯不善已。故有無相生，難易相成，長短相形，高下相盈，音聲相和，前后相隨。是以圣人處無為之事，行不言之教；萬物作而不辭，生而不有。為而不恃，功成而弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。

All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill of the skillful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to (the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one the measure of the other; that length and shortness fashion out the one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with another; and that, being before and behind, they complete (one another's) measures. Thus the sage manages affairs without doing anything, and conveys his instructions without the use of speech. All things spring up, and there is not one which declines to show itself; they grow, and there is no claim made for their ownership; they go through their processes, and there is no expectation (of a reward for the results). The work is accomplished, and there is no resting in it (as an accomplishment).

第八章

上善若水。水善利萬物而不爭，處眾人之所惡，故幾于道。居善地，心善淵，與善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，動善時。夫唯不爭，故無尤。

The highest excellence is like (that of) water. The excellence of water appears in its benefiting all things, and in its occupying, without striving (to the contrary), the low place which all men dislike. Hence (its way) is near to (that of) the Tao. The excellence of a residence is in (the suitability of) the place; that of the mind is in abysmal profundity; that of associations is in their being with the virtuous; that of government is in its securing good order; that of (the conduct of) affairs is in its ability; and that of (the initiation of) any movement is in its timeliness. And when (one with the highest excellence) does not wrangle (about his low position), no one finds fault with him.

第十七章

太上，下知有之；其次，親而譽之；其次，畏之；其次，侮之。信不足，焉有不信焉。悠兮其貴言。功成事遂，百姓皆謂：我自然。

In the highest antiquity, (the people) did not know that there were (their rulers). In the next age they loved them and praised them. In the next they feared them; in the next they despised them. Thus it was that when faith (in the Tao) was deficient (in the rulers) a want of faith in them ensued (in the people). How irresolute did those earliest rulers appear, showing (by their reticence) the importance which they set upon their words! Their work was done and their undertakings were successful, while the people all said, "We are as we are, of ourselves!"

第三十八章

上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以無德。上德無病，無病而不治，其病也。下德病，病而不治，其病也。夫唯病病，是以不病。

The highest virtue is not virtuous. Therefore it has virtue. The lowest virtue never loses sight of virtuosity. Therefore it has no virtue. The highest virtue is unornamented. Lower virtue takes refuge in ornamentation. The highest benevolence is in action for the benefit of others. The highest morality is in conformity with the principle of Tao. In the highest propriety there's neither ceremony nor formality. In the highest music there is no melody. For such is Tao in itself.

結語

道德經是中華文化的瑰寶，閃爍著智慧的光芒。它深刻地反思了人類存在的意義和價值，探討了人與自然、人與社會、人與自己之間的關系，提供了一條尋求內心平靜與真理的路徑。伴隨著科技的飛速發展，人們漸漸迷失了方向，面對無盡的誘惑和迷局，回歸到古人的智慧經典中汲取養分，或許是我們現代人重新找到生命意義的重要途徑之一。